Roman Numeral Converter
Convert numbers to Roman numerals and Roman numerals back to numbers, from 1 to 3,999.
About the Roman Numeral Converter
Roman numerals use seven letters: I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500, M = 1,000. Letters are added from largest to smallest, except for six subtractive pairs: IV (4), IX (9), XL (40), XC (90), CD (400) and CM (900).
A letter is never repeated more than three times in a row, so the largest standard numeral is MMMCMXCIX (3,999).
The formula
Write the largest value that fits, subtract it, repeat
- M
- 1000
- CM
- 900
- D
- 500
- CD
- 400
- C
- 100
- XC
- 90
- L
- 50
- XL
- 40
- X
- 10
- IX
- 9
- V
- 5
- IV
- 4
- I
- 1
Years in Roman numerals
| Year | Roman |
|---|---|
| 1900 | MCM |
| 1984 | MCMLXXXIV |
| 1999 | MCMXCIX |
| 2000 | MM |
| 2010 | MMX |
| 2024 | MMXXIV |
| 2025 | MMXXV |
| 2026 | MMXXVI |
| 2030 | MMXXX |
How to read your result
- Type digits to get a numeral, or a numeral to get the number.
- The steps show how each part adds up.
Worked example
1994
- 1000 = M
- 900 = CM
- 90 = XC
- 4 = IV
- 1994 = MCMXCIV
Questions people ask
Why is 4 written IV and not IIII?
Standard form uses subtraction: one before five. IIII appears on some clock faces by tradition.
Is there a Roman numeral for zero?
No. The Romans had no symbol for zero.